Your Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of Cognitive Debt when Using an AI Assistant for Essay Writing Task
Fifty-four participants wrote essays using either an LLM, a search engine, or no tools, with EEG throughout. The LLM group showed the weakest neural coupling, recalled their own sentences least accurately, and reported the lowest sense of ownership.
arXiv Project site MIT Media Lab 2025
Covered in Time, The Washington Post, The New Yorker and Scientific American.